German word order
Level A1–B2
Verb second, the sentence bracket, verb last in subordinate clauses, TeKaMoLo, two objects, and where nicht goes.
The best-evidenced long-term problem in German. Everything about where verb parts go lives on this page, including negation and separable prefixes, because they are the same question: what goes at the end?
Rule 1 — the conjugated verb is the second element
Second element, not second word. Whatever you put first, the verb stays in slot two and the subject moves in behind it.
| Slot 1 | Verb | rest |
|---|---|---|
| Ich | fahre | morgen nach Berlin. |
| Morgen | fahre | ich nach Berlin. |
| Nach Berlin | fahre | ich morgen. |
| Mit meinem Bruder | fahre | ich morgen nach Berlin. |
Morgen ich fahre is the most common word-order error there is, and the fix is always the same: the verb does not move, the subject does.
Rule 2 — the sentence bracket (Satzklammer)
The conjugated verb sits in position 2; everything else the verb needs — participle, infinitive, separable prefix — goes to the very end.
| Verb | middle | end | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ich | habe | gestern einen Film | gesehen. |
| Ich | will | morgen nach Berlin | fahren. |
| Ich | stehe | jeden Tag um sieben | auf. |
| Ich | rufe | dich morgen | an. |
German front-loads the grammar and back-loads the meaning. This is why listening stays hard longer than reading — you often cannot know what happened until the sentence ends.
This is where separable verbs live. In a main clause the prefix detaches and travels to the end, however far away that is: Ich stehe morgen wegen der Arbeit schon um fünf Uhr auf.
Rule 3 — in a subordinate clause the verb goes last
Triggered by weil, dass, wenn, ob, obwohl, damit, als, während, bis, seit, nachdem, bevor, solange, sobald, da, falls, by any question word used as a connector, and by every relative clause.
Ich bleibe zu Hause, weil ich krank bin. Ich weiß nicht, ob er heute kommt. Sie sagt, dass sie das Buch gelesen hat.
Separable verbs rejoin here: …, weil ich um sieben aufstehe.
But these five change nothing — they sit outside the sentence and normal order continues: und, aber, oder, denn, sondern.
Ich bleibe zu Hause, denn ich bin krank. (normal order) Ich bleibe zu Hause, weil ich krank bin. (verb last)
Same meaning, different structure. Learn them as a pair — denn and weil are the cleanest illustration of the whole rule.
Rule 4 — the order of everything in the middle
TeKaMoLo: Temporal (when) → Kausal (why) → Modal (how) → Lokal (where).
Ich fahre morgen wegen der Arbeit mit dem Zug nach Berlin.
A strong default, not a law — move an element to the front for emphasis.
Rule 5 — two objects
Dative before accusative, unless the accusative is a pronoun, which jumps first.
| Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch. | dative, then accusative |
| Ich gebe ihm das Buch. | still dative first |
| Ich gebe es dem Mann. | accusative pronoun jumps ahead |
| Ich gebe es ihm. | both pronouns: accusative first |
Short version: pronouns move left, and an accusative pronoun moves furthest left.
Negation — nicht or kein
kein negates a noun that has ein or no article at all. nicht negates everything else, including nouns with der/die/das or a possessive.
| Positive | Negative |
|---|---|
| Ich habe ein Auto. | Ich habe kein Auto. |
| Ich trinke Kaffee. | Ich trinke keinen Kaffee. |
| Ich kenne den Mann. | Ich kenne den Mann nicht. |
| Das ist mein Buch. | Das ist nicht mein Buch. |
kein declines exactly like ein, and has a plural: keine Autos.
Where nicht goes
- Negating the whole sentence: at the end — Ich kenne ihn nicht.
- But before anything closing the bracket — Ich habe ihn nicht gesehen.
- Before a predicate adjective or noun — Das ist nicht gut.
- Before a prepositional or place complement — Ich fahre nicht nach Berlin.
- Before any single element you want to contradict — *Nicht ich habe das gesagt.*
The other sheets
- Sheet 1 · A1–B1German cases and article declensionThe four cases and how to find them, the article tables, the three facts that carry most of the weight, and the dative verbs that catch English speakers.Read the sheet
- Sheet 3 · A1–A2haben or sein in the PerfektA short closed rule: which verbs take sein, why everything else takes haben, and the one overlap that flips.Read the sheet
- Sheet 4 · A2–B1German adjective endingsWeak, mixed and strong on one page, plus the one rule underneath all three tables.Read the sheet
- Sheet 5 · A1–B1German prepositions by caseAccusative, dative, genitive and the two-way prepositions, with the Wohin/Wo test and the contractions you see everywhere.Read the sheet
- Sheet 6 · A1–B1German verb conjugationPresent tense, stem changes, the irregular four, the modals, the strong verbs worth memorising, the Partizip II and the Präteritum.Read the sheet
- Sheet 7 · A1–B1German noun gender by endingThe compound rule, the endings that are safe to bet on, the tendencies, and an honest note on how much they actually cover.Read the sheet
- Sheet 8 · A1–B1German pronouns and the n-declensionThe personal pronoun table in three cases, and the masculine nouns that add -en in every case but the nominative.Read the sheet