German prepositions by case
Level A1–B1
Accusative, dative, genitive and the two-way prepositions, with the Wohin/Wo test and the contractions you see everywhere.
Each preposition permanently owns a case. Learn preposition and case as one unit, the way you learn a noun with its article. Preposition+case pairing is one of the three errors that survives into advanced German, so this page keeps paying out.
Always accusative
durch, für, gegen, ohne, um, bis, entlang, wider
Ich gehe durch den Park. Das ist für meinen Bruder. Ohne dich geht es nicht.
entlang usually follows its noun: die Straße entlang.
Always dative
aus, außer, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu, gegenüber, ab
Ich komme aus der Schweiz. Wir fahren mit dem Zug. Seit einem Jahr wohne ich hier.
Two-way — the ones that take either (Wechselpräpositionen)
an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen
| Question | Case | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Wohin? | accusative | movement into a new place — a change of location |
| Wo? | dative | position — where something already is |
Ich gehe in die Schule. (Wohin? → accusative) Ich bin in der Schule. (Wo? → dative) Er hängt das Bild an die Wand. (Wohin? → accusative) Das Bild hängt an der Wand. (Wo? → dative)
The trap: it is about crossing into a place, not about movement in general. Ich laufe in dem Park (dative) is running around inside the park. Ich laufe in den Park (accusative) is running into it from outside. There is motion in both sentences.
The verb usually gives it away. stellen, legen, setzen, hängen, gehen, fahren point at accusative; stehen, liegen, sitzen, sein, bleiben point at dative.
Always genitive
während, wegen, trotz, (an)statt, innerhalb, außerhalb, aufgrund, angesichts
während des Sommers, trotz des Regens, innerhalb einer Woche
Contractions you will see constantly
| in dem → im | in das → ins | an dem → am | an das → ans |
| zu dem → zum | zu der → zur | von dem → vom | bei dem → beim |
| auf das → aufs | für das → fürs | durch das → durchs | um das → ums |
The other sheets
- Sheet 1 · A1–B1German cases and article declensionThe four cases and how to find them, the article tables, the three facts that carry most of the weight, and the dative verbs that catch English speakers.Read the sheet
- Sheet 2 · A1–B2German word orderVerb second, the sentence bracket, verb last in subordinate clauses, TeKaMoLo, two objects, and where nicht goes.Read the sheet
- Sheet 3 · A1–A2haben or sein in the PerfektA short closed rule: which verbs take sein, why everything else takes haben, and the one overlap that flips.Read the sheet
- Sheet 4 · A2–B1German adjective endingsWeak, mixed and strong on one page, plus the one rule underneath all three tables.Read the sheet
- Sheet 6 · A1–B1German verb conjugationPresent tense, stem changes, the irregular four, the modals, the strong verbs worth memorising, the Partizip II and the Präteritum.Read the sheet
- Sheet 7 · A1–B1German noun gender by endingThe compound rule, the endings that are safe to bet on, the tendencies, and an honest note on how much they actually cover.Read the sheet
- Sheet 8 · A1–B1German pronouns and the n-declensionThe personal pronoun table in three cases, and the masculine nouns that add -en in every case but the nominative.Read the sheet